With the continuous development of power electronics technology, power semiconductor devices play a crucial role in modern power systems. Among them, the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module, as a high-performance power switching device, leads innovation and development in the field of power electronics.

Background and Origin of IGBT Modules

The origin of IGBT modules can be traced back to the 1980s, when Japanese electronic engineers were dedicated to overcoming the limitations of traditional power devices, especially ordinary bipolar transistors and field-effect transistors (FETs). The emergence of IGBT modules is precisely to integrate the advantages of both to meet the demands of high power, high voltage, and high frequency.

The basic components of an IGBT module include multiple IGBT devices, drive circuits, protection circuits, and heat dissipation structures. These components work together to enable IGBT modules to play a critical role in complex power applications.

Working principle of IGBT module

The working principle of IGBT modules is similar to that of individual IGBT devices, but their key advantage lies in the integration and collaborative work of multiple devices. The following is the working principle of IGBT module:

IGBT devices: The IGBT module contains multiple IGBT devices connected in parallel or series. Each IGBT device consists of an emitter, base, and collector, and their operation is similar to that of a single IGBT device. When the appropriate control signal is transmitted to the gate through the driving circuit, the IGBT device enters a conducting state, allowing current to flow. When the control signal stops or reverses, the IGBT device enters the cutoff state and the current stops flowing.

Drive circuit: The drive circuit of IGBT module is the key to controlling IGBT devices. They provide appropriate voltage and current signals to ensure accurate control of IGBT devices. These signals are connected to IGBT devices through the gate, controlling the on/off state and current flow.

Protection function: IGBT modules typically include various protection functions to ensure the safe operation of the module and system. These protection functions include overcurrent protection, over temperature protection, over voltage protection, and short circuit protection. When the module detects an abnormal situation, the protection circuit will take corresponding measures, such as cutting off the current or issuing an alarm, to prevent damage.

Control signal: The IGBT module receives control signals from external control circuits. These signals can be generated by microprocessors, logic circuits, or other control devices. Control signals include on-off sequence, PWM signals, etc., used to control the working state of IGBT modules.

The working principle of IGBT modules allows them to provide reliable power switching and control in high-power, high-voltage, and high-frequency applications. This function enables IGBT modules to be widely used in multiple fields.

What are the advantages of IGBT modules?

IGBT modules have many significant advantages compared to other power devices, which make them popular:

High power bearing capacity: Due to the integration of multiple devices inside IGBT modules, they are able to handle high-power loads and are suitable for applications that require high current and high power.

High voltage capability: The design of IGBT modules allows multiple IGBT devices to work in series, so they can withstand high voltage and are suitable for situations that require high voltage control.

Efficient performance: IGBT modules have low on resistance and low switching losses, thereby achieving efficient energy conversion. This helps reduce energy waste and heat generation.

High switching speed: IGBT modules have fast switching speed and can quickly respond to control signals, making them suitable for high-frequency applications.

Integrated driver circuit: IGBT modules typically integrate driver circuits, simplifying system design and reducing the need for external components.

Protection function: The IGBT module integrates multiple protection functions, improving the stability and safety of the system.

Reliability: IGBT modules are designed and manufactured with precision, possessing high reliability and suitable for harsh working environments.

Taking into account the above advantages, IGBT modules have become an indispensable component in the fields of energy conversion and power control, widely used in areas such as motor drive, power transmission, renewable energy, industrial control, and medical equipment.

Application areas of IGBT modules

IGBT modules play a crucial role in various fields, and the following are some typical application areas:

Motor drive: IGBT modules are used in motor drive systems, including industrial motors, electric vehicles, electric locomotives, etc. They can control the speed and torque of the motor, achieving efficient energy conversion and precise control.

Inverter: An inverter is used to convert direct current into alternating current with adjustable frequency and voltage. IGBT modules play a crucial role in inverters, achieving efficient energy conversion.

Power transmission: IGBT modules are used for power transmission and conversion, including DC transmission systems, flexible AC transmission systems, and high-voltage DC transmission systems. They control the current switch and voltage to ensure the stability of power transmission.

Renewable energy: Solar and wind power generation systems need to convert unstable energy sources into usable electricity. IGBT modules are used to control and optimize energy conversion processes, ensuring efficient energy collection and power output.

Industrial Control: IGBT modules are widely used in industrial automation and control systems for switching and controlling high-power loads, such as controlling industrial furnaces, metallurgical equipment, and electrical equipment.

Medical equipment: The application of IGBT modules in medical equipment is gradually increasing, including medical imaging equipment, electrotherapy equipment, and surgical equipment. They are used for high-power and high-frequency power transmission and control.

In addition to the aforementioned fields, IGBT modules are also used in various applications such as transportation, communication equipment, and agricultural equipment. Their high performance, reliability, and stability make them indispensable in modern power systems.

Precautions for using IGBT modules

Although IGBT modules have numerous advantages, there are some important things to pay attention to when using them to ensure safety and stability:

Anti static protection: The gate voltage of IGBT modules is generally low and easily affected by static electricity. Therefore, when handling IGBT modules, anti-static measures should be taken, such as grounding or using anti-static equipment.

Appropriate heat dissipation: IGBT modules generate heat in high-power applications, so appropriate heat dissipation measures are needed to maintain the temperature within a safe range. Ensure that the module is in an appropriate heat dissipation environment to prevent overheating.

Appropriate power supply voltage: IGBT modules require an appropriate power supply voltage to function properly. Please be sure to comply with the manufacturer's power specifications and ensure stable power supply voltage.

Appropriate current and voltage levels: When selecting IGBT modules, the appropriate current and voltage levels should be chosen according to the requirements of the application. Excessive or insufficient current and voltage levels may result in poor performance or damage.

Maintenance and upkeep: Regularly check the status of IGBT modules to ensure they are working properly. Timely replace aging or damaged modules to avoid system failures.

Common IGBT modules

Hitachi's IGBT power modules include single-phase, two-phase/phase arm, chopper IGBT, and dual diode modules, with a voltage range of 1700 to 6500 volts. The high-power HiPak IGBT module features low loss, soft switching performance, and a record breaking safe operating area (SOA). The newly launched 62Pak and LoPak fast switching power IGBT modules have the lowest switching losses, full 175 ° C operation, square SOA, and standard package with insertable replacement.